REFERENCES
INEQUITY DUE TO COLOR/RACE/ETHNICITY/CULTURE:
Burnout, Depression, Career Satisfaction, and Work-Life Integration by Physician Race/Ethnicity. Garcia, L. et al. JAMA Network 2020.
Evaluation of Racial Disparities in Hospice Use and End-of-Life Treatment Intensity in the REGARDS Cohort. Ornstein, K. et al. JAMA Network Open 2020.
Healthcare Disparities Emerge in End-of-Life Hospice Care Access. Heath, S. Patient Engagement HIT 2020.
#ILookLikeASurgeon. Miller, P. Pulse Voices 2020.
Intersectionality of Gender and Visible Minority Status Among General Surgery Residents in Canada. Mocanu, V. et al. JAMA Surgery 2020.
Lessons for the Black Girl Considering Medicine. Winfield, A. SheMD 2020.
Make Black History Core to Degrees, Tie Tenure to Anti-Racism Efforts. Gore-Felton, C. et al. Nature 2020.
On Racism: A New Standard for Publishing on Racial Health Inequities. Boyd, R. et al. Health Affairs 2020.
Responsibility of Medical Journals in Addressing Racism in Health Care. Ogedegbe, G. JAMA Network Open 2020.
Structural Racism is Why I'm Leaving Organized Psychiatry. Shim, R. Stat 2020.
What I Wish I Knew Before I Became a Surgeon. Hussein, Q. Halal Parenting 2020.
Ghosts of Our Collective Subconscious — What Blackface in a Yearbook Photo Means for Medical Education. Paul, D. New England Journal of Medicine 2019.
Physician Workforce Disparities and Patient Care: A Narrative Review. Silver, J. et al. Health Equity 2019.
Micro-inequities in Medicine. Silver, J. et al. The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2018.
Forged by the Knife: The Experience of Surgical Residency from the Perspective of a Woman of Color. Dawson, P. Open Hand Publishing 1999.
Addressing the Elephant in the Room: Microaggressions in Medicine. Molina, M. et al. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2020.
For Doctors of Color, Microaggressions Are All Too Familiar. Goldberg, E. The New York Times 2020.
Microaggressions Are Far Too Common for Black Doctors. Ford, T. Momentum 2020.
Recognizing and Reacting to Microaggressions in Medicine and Surgery. Torres, M. et al. JAMA Surgery 2019.
5 Ways the Health-Care System Can Stop Amplifying Racism. Emanuel, E. et al. The Atlantic 2020.
Policy on Harassment, Discrimination, and Sexual Misconduct. The University of Chicago 2020.
The Suffocating State of Physician Workforce Diversity: Why “I Can’t Breathe”. Deville, C. JAMA Internal Medicine 2020.
Discrimination, Abuse, Harassment, and Burnout in Surgical Residency Training. Hu, Y. et al. New England Journal of Medicine 2019.
Statement on Harassment, Bullying, and Discrimination. American College of Surgeons 2019.
Transgenerational Consequences of Racial Discrimination for African American Health. Goosby, B. et al. Sociology Compass 2013.
INEQUITY DUE TO GENDER/SEX/SEXUAL ORIENTATION/LGBQIA+
Analysis of Authorship in Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery: Women Remain Underrepresented. Faroog, A. et al Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020.
Challenges to Professional Advancement Facing Women Surgeons—The View from Our Chairs. Tuttle, J. et al. JAMA Surgery 2020.
The Current Status of Women in Surgery: How to Affect the Future. Stephens, E. et al. JAMA Surgery 2020.
A Discussion About Unprofessional Behavior: A Play in 1 Act. Temkin, S. KevinMD 2020.
Effects of Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Surgical Training: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Meyers, S. et al. PubMed 2020.
The Elephant and the Expecting Surgeon. Hussein, Q. General Surgery News 2020.
Factors Associated with the Professional Success of Female Surgical Department Chairs: A Qualitative Study. Columbus, A. et al. PubMed 2020.
Female Surgical Trainees and Departmental Awards: Narrowing the Gap. Martin, A. et al PubMed 2020.
Gender Disparity Among Surgical Peer-Reviewed Literature. Bernardi, K.et al. PubMed 2020.
Gender Disparity in Awards in General Surgery Residency Programs. Kuo, L. et al. PubMed 2020.
The Gender Gap in Surgical Residencies. Bennett, C. et al. JAMA Surgery 2020.
#ILookLikeASurgeon. Miller, P. Pulse Voices 2020.
Intersectionality of Gender and Visible Minority Status Among General Surgery Residents in Canada. Mocanu, V. et al. JAMA Surgery 2020.
Predictors and Sequela of Burnout Amongst Practicing American Vascular Surgeons: A Gender-Based Analysis, on Behalf of the SVS Wellness Task Force. William J. von Liebig Forum. Virtual Vascular Annual Meeting. June 20, 2020.
Take Me to Your Leader: Reporting Structures and Equity in Academic Gynecologic Oncology. Temkin, S. et al. Gynecological Oncology 2020.
What I Wish I Knew Before I Became a Surgeon. Hussein, Q. Halal Parenting 2020.
When Surgery Becomes ‘Women’s Work’: The Devaluation of Gynecologic Specialties. Temkin, S. STAT 2020.
Women in Academic Surgery: A Double-Edged Scalpel. Greenup, R. et al. Academic Medicine 2020.
“You’re the Surgeon?” Hussein, Q. Op-Med 2020.
Estimating Implicit and Explicit Gender Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Surgeons. Salles, A. et al. JAMA Network Open 2019.
Gender Bias Experiences of Female Surgical Trainees. Barnes, L. et al. Journal of Surgical Education 2019.
#MeToo In Surgery: Narratives by Women Surgeons, Introduction. Miller, P. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
Motherhood and Medicine Should Mix. So Why is it Such a Struggle? Hussein, Q. STAT 2019.
No Hothouse Flower. Barnett, M. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
On Vulnerability. Temkin, S. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019
Strength Without Armor: Reflections from a Woman and a Surgeon. Butler, K. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
Why Do Women Leave Medicine? My Look at Pregnancy During Residency. Platt, S. Rosh Review 2019.
Micro-inequities in Medicine. Silver, J. et al. The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2018.
Women Physicians Are Underrepresented in Recognition Awards from the Association of Academic Physiatrists. Silver, J. et al. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2018.
Association for Academic Surgery Presidential Address: Sticky Floors and Glass Ceilings. Greenberg, C. Journal of Surgical Research 2017.
Where Are the Women? The Underrepresentation of Women Physicians Among Recognition Award Recipients from Medical Specialty Societies. Silver, J. et al. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2017.
Gender-Based Differences in Surgical Residents’ Perceptions of Patient Safety, Continuity of Care, and Well-Being: An Analysis from the Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees (FIRST) Trial. Ban, K. et al. PubMed 2016.
Analysis of National Institutes of Health R01 Application Critiques, Impact, and Criteria Scores: Does the Sex of the Principal Investigator Make a Difference? Kaatz, A. et al. PubMed 2016.
The Gendered Realities and Talent Management Imperatives of Women Physicians. Hoff, T. et al. PubMed 2016.
Women Physicians as Healthcare Leaders: A Qualitative Study. Roth, V. et al. PubMed 2016.
Perceived Gender-Based Barriers to Careers in Academic Surgery. Cochran, A. et al. PubMed 2013.
Speaking up—When Doctors Navigate Medical Hierarchy. Srivastava, R. PubMed 2013.
Women in Surgery: Do We Really Understand the Deterrents? Garguilo, D. et al. PubMed 2006.
Why are Women Deterred from General Surgery? Park, J. et al. PubMed 2005.
Career Obstacles for Women in Medicine. Reed, V. et al. PubMed 2001.
Women Physicians and Stress. Stewart, D. et al. Journal of Women’s Health Gender Based Medicine 2000.
Forged by the Knife: The Experience of Surgical Residency from the Perspective of a Woman of Color. Dawson, P. Open Hand Publishing 1999.
#MeToo In Surgery: Narratives by Women Surgeons, Introduction. Miller, P. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
Recognizing and Reacting to Microaggressions in Medicine and Surgery. Torres, M. et al. JAMA Surgery 2019.
#METOO Is Reshaping Medicine – How Will the System Adapt? Diekman, S. et al. Journal of Legal Medicine 2020.
Studies of Harassment in Oncologic Gynecology Add Fuel to Reform Efforts. Kaplan, D. OncLive 2020.
From #MeToo to #TimesUp in Health Care: Can a Culture of Accountability End Inequity and Harassment? Choo, E. et al. PubMed 2019.
#MeToo In Surgery: Narratives by Women Surgeons, Introduction. Miller, P. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
Prevalence of Sexual Harassment in Academic Medicine. Jenner, S. et al. PubMed 2019.
Sexual Harassment in Medicine: Toward Legal Clarity and Institutional Accountability. Silver, J. et al. ResearchGate 2019.
Sexual Harassment in Medicine - #MeToo. Jagsi, R. PubMed 2018.
Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Johnson, P. et al. National Academies Press 2018.
Time’s Up for Medicine? Only Time Will Tell. Choo, E. et all. PubMed 2018.
Building Respect, Improving Patient Safety. Royal Australasian College of Surgeons 2015.
Prevalence of Bullying, Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in Surgery in Australasia. Crebbin, W. PubMed 2015.
Stories from the Field: Students’ Descriptions of Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment During Medical School. Witte, F. et al. PubMed 2006.
Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in Medical Education: Perspectives Gained by a 14-School Study. Nora, L. et al. PubMed 2002.
Gender Discrimination Among Academic Physicians. Chow, C. et al. PubMed 2020.
#MedBikini: Doctors Call Out Study for Sexism and Discrimination. Mock, J. Medscape Medical News 2020.
#MeToo In Surgery: Narratives by Women Surgeons, Introduction. Miller, P. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
Policy on Harassment, Discrimination, and Sexual Misconduct. The University of Chicago 2020.
Discrimination, Abuse, Harassment, and Burnout in Surgical Residency Training. Hu, Y. et al. New England Journal of Medicine 2019.
Statement on Harassment, Bullying, and Discrimination. American College of Surgeons 2019.
Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Johnson, P. et al. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018.
Paid Family and Childbearing Leave Policies at Top US Medical Schools. Riano, N. et al. PubMed 2018.
Perceived Discrimination Experienced by Physician Mothers and Desired Workplace Changes: A Cross-sectional Survey. Adesoye, T. et al. PubMed 2017.
Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and National Institutes of Health R01 Research Awards: Is There Evidence of a Double Bind for Women of Color? Ginther, D. et al. PubMed 2016.
Workplace Bullying in Surgery. Ling, M. et al. PubMed 2016.
Prevalence of Bullying, Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in Surgery in Australasia. Crebbin, W. PubMed 2015.
Perceptions of Gender-Based Discrimination During Surgical Training and Practice. Bruce, A. et al. PubMed 2015.
Is There Still a Glass Ceiling for Women in Academic Surgery? Zhuge, Y. et al. PubMed 2011.
Stories from the Field: Students’ Descriptions of Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment During Medical School. Witte, F. et al. PubMed 2006.
Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in Medical Education: Perspectives Gained by a 14-School Study. Nora, L. et al. PubMed 2002.
Policy on Harassment, Discrimination, and Sexual Misconduct. The University of Chicago 2020.
#MeToo In Surgery: Narratives by Women Surgeons, Introduction. Miller, P. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
Statement on Harassment, Bullying, and Discrimination. American College of Surgeons 2019.
Long-term Effects of Bullying. Wolke, D. et al. NCBI 2016.
Effectiveness of Bullied Target Resolution Strategies. Namie, G. Workplace Bullying Institute 2012.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Suicide Among US Health Care Professionals. Ji, Y. et al. JAMA Surgery 2020.
Burnout, Depression, Career Satisfaction, and Work-Life Integration by Physician Race/Ethnicity. Garcia, L. et al. JAMA Network 2020.
Facing Physician Burnout: It’s Time to Take Back Your Life. Morris, G. The Physician Philosopher 2020.
No One Is Supporting the Doctors. McDonald, S. The Atlantic 2020.
Resilience and Burnout Among Physicians and the General US Working Population. West, C. et al. NCBI 2020.
Untangling the Reasons Surgeons Choose to Leave Clinical Practice Including Retirement (accepted). Verran, D. et al. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2020.
Discrimination, Abuse, Harassment, and Burnout in Surgical Residency Training. Hu, Y. et al. New England Journal of Medicine 2019.
Personal Reflections on Gynecologic Oncology and Its Future. Temkin, S. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019.
Alleviating the Mental Health Burden of Structural Discrimination and Hate Crimes: The Role of Psychiatrists. Hansen, H. et al. PubMed 2018.
National Survey of Burnout Among US General Surgery Residents. Elmore, L. et al. PubMed 2016.
Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-` Analysis. Rotenstein, L. et al. PubMed 2016.
Patterns of Gender Equality at Workplaces and Psychological Distress. Elwér, S. et al. NCBI 2013.
Relationship Between Work-Home Conflicts and Burnout Among American Surgeons: A Comparison by Sex. Dyrbye, L. et al. PubMed 2011.
Special Report: Suicidal ideation Among American Surgeons. Shanafelt, T. et al. PubMed 2011.
Burnout and Career Satisfaction Among American Surgeons. Shanafelt, T. et al. PubMed 2009.
Burnout and Self-Reported Patient Care in an Internal Medicine Residency Program. Shanafelt, T. et al. PubMed 2002.
Women Physicians and Stress. Stewart, D. et al. Journal of Women’s Health Gender Based Medicine 2000.
Academic Medicine and Black Lives Matter: Time for Deep Listening. Yancy, C. JAMA 2020.
Call to Action to All Surgery Journal Editors for Diversity in the Editorial and Peer Review Process. Kibbe, M. et al. JAMA Surgery 2020.
Cultural Complications A Novel Strategy to Build a More Inclusive Culture. Harris, C.et al. Annals of Surgery 2020.
The Current Status of Women in Surgery: How to Affect the Future. Stephens, E. et al. PubMed 2020.
Diversity and Inclusion Efforts That Really Work. Pedulla, D. Harvard Business Review 2020.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion That Matter. Grubbs, V. New England Journal of Medicine 2020.
Eradicating Racial Injustice in Medicine—If Not Now, When? Vince, R. JAMA 2020.
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession. Bellini, M. et al. IGI Global 2020.
Gender Equity Statements by Professional Surgical Societies- Progress, if Slow. Shelby, R. American Journal of Surgery 2020.
Gender Inequity in the United States Surgical Workforce. Heisler, C. et al. Gender Equity in the Medical Profession 2020.
Has a Critical Mass of Women Resulted in Gender Equity in Gynecologic Surgery? Heisler, C. et al. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020.
Is There Color or Gender Behind the Mask and Sterile Blue? Examining Gender and Racial Demographics within Academic Surgery. Aggarwal, A. et al. Annals of Surgery 2020.
Leading from Behind: Paucity of Gender Equity Statements and Policies Among Professional Surgical Societies. Heisler, C. et al. The American Journal of Surgery 2020.
Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Opening Doors: Proceedings of a Symposium in Brief. Saunders, J. National Academies Press 2020.
Seeking Solutions: Maximizing American Talent by Advancing Women of Color in Academia: Summary of a Conference. Matchett, K. National Academies Press 2020.
The Suffocating State of Physician Workforce Diversity: Why “I Can’t Breathe”. Deville, C. JAMA Internal Medicine 2020.
Take Me to Your Leader: Reporting Structures and Equity in Academic Gynecologic Oncology. Temkin, S. et al. Gynecological Oncology 2020.
Time to End "Manels" in Clinical Trial Leadership. Wang, T. et al. JAMA Internal Medicine 2020.
#MeToo In Surgery: Narratives by Women Surgeons, Introduction. Miller, P. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
A Contemporary Framework of Health Equity Applied to Gynecologic Cancer Care: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology Evidenced- Based Review. Temkin, S. et al. Gynecologic Oncology 2018.
Association for Academic Surgery Presidential Address: Sticky Floors and Glass Ceilings. Greenberg, C. Journal of Surgical Research 2017.
The Association for Academic Surgeons 2001-2010: A Decade of Inclusiveness. Chu, D. et al. PubMed 2017.
Sex Differences in Academic Rank in US Medical Schools in 2014. Jena, A. et al. PubMed 2014.
The U.N. Sent 3 Foreign Women to The U.S. To Assess Gender Equality. They Were Horrified. Basset, L. The Huffington Post 2015.
Inequality Quantified: Mind the Gender Gap. Shen, H. PubMed 2013.
The Link Between Workplace Diversity and the Gender Pay Gap. Whaley, C. et al. RAND 2020.
Physician Billing Data Reveal Striking Gender Pay Gap. Glauser, W. CMAJ News 2020.
Working in A Male-Dominated Medical Practice Can Cost Female Physicians $90,000—Or More. McGrath, M. Forbes 2020.
The Gender Wage Gap Limits Choices for Women Physicians. Yeh, J. et al. Op-Med 2019.
#MeToo In Surgery: Narratives by Women Surgeons, Introduction. Miller, P. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2019.
Sex differences in Physician Salary in US Public Medical Schools. Jena, A. et al. PubMed 2016.
The Gender Pay Gap. American Association of University Women 2016.
Gender Differences in Salary in a Recent Cohort of Early-Career Physician-Researchers. Jagsi, R. et al. PubMed 2013.
Gender Differences in the Salaries of Physician Researchers. Jagsi, R. et al. PubMed 2012.
Activities, Productivity, and Compensation of Men and Women in the Life Sciences. DesRoches, C. et al. PubMed 2010.
Compensation and Advancement of Women in Academic Medicine: Is There Equity? Ash, A. et al. PubMed 2004.
Brief of Amicus Curiae Association of American Physicians & Surgeons in Support of Plaintiffs. York, L. The Law Offices of Laurie L. York 2018.
Institutional Betrayal and Gaslighting. Why Whistle-Blowers Are So Traumatized. Ahern, K. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 2018.
Committee Opinion No. 683: Behavior That Undermines a Culture of Safety. Committee on Patient Safety and Quality Improvement. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2017.
Evaluation of the Disruptive Behaviors Among Treatment Teams and Its Reflection on the Therapy Process of Patients in the Operating Room: The Impact of Personal Conflicts. Maddineshat, M. et al. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 2017.
Building Respect, Improving Patient Safety. Royal Australasian College of Surgeons 2015.
Under the Knife: Medical Student Perceptions of Intimidation and Mistreatment. Stone, J. et al. Journal of Surgical Education 2015.
Blowing the Whistle on Intimidation of NHS Whistleblowers. The Lancet 2011.
NHS Whistleblowers Are Still Being Gagged, Warns Baby P Doctor. Mooney, H. The BMJ 2011.
US Physician Whistleblowers Face Intimidation and Retaliation. Furlow, B. The Lancet Oncology 2011.